1. Key Cost Concepts in Decision Making a. Sunk Cost A sunk cost is a past expense that cannot be recovered and should not influence future decisions. Examples: Money spent on a failed marketing campaign Equipment purchased that is now obsolete Research and development costs for a discontinued product Relevance: Sunk costs are excluded from…

📝 Study Notes Topic: Clusters and Distributions Source: Milligan, Chapter 9 Field: Data Analysis / Statistics 1. Introduction to Clusters and Distributions Clusters and distributions are key concepts in data analysis used to understand how data points are grouped and spread across a dataset. They help identify patterns, trends, and anomalies in data. 2. What…

Study Notes Topic: Leadership Theories and Assessment Tools Field: Organizational Behavior / Psychology 1. Attributes/Trait Theories of Leadership Trait theories suggest that certain individuals possess innate qualities that make them effective leaders. These traits are relatively stable and can include: Intelligence Confidence Integrity Sociability Determination Key Idea: Leaders are born, not made. Criticism: Traits alone…

Topic: International Institutions from an International Business Perspective Field: International Business 1. Introduction to International Institutions International institutions are organizations that facilitate cooperation among countries and regulate international relations. In the context of international business, these institutions play a critical role in shaping trade policies, resolving disputes, and promoting economic development. 2. Types of International…

🔍 Overview Executive presence is a critical leadership competency that reflects a leader’s ability to inspire confidence, communicate effectively, and influence others. In JWI 522, developing executive presence involves mastering communication, emotional intelligence, confidence, and authenticity to lead with impact. 🧩 Key Elements of Executive Presence 1. Confidence and Poise Demonstrating self-assurance in high-pressure situations.…

🔍 Objective To use statistical tools to assess and interpret data about your community, identifying key needs, trends, and areas for intervention. This assignment emphasizes data collection, analysis, and interpretation to support informed decision-making. 🧩 Key Concepts 1. Defining the Population Your population is the group you’re studying—e.g., residents of Gitothua ward, youth in Kiambu,…

Prepare a 2- to 3-page paper (not counting the cover and reference pages) discussing how the Family and Medical Leave Act, the Pregnancy Discrimination Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, safety laws, or other state laws might apply to the following scenario. One of your old college roommates, Sandra, is a nurse who took a…

This podcast explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping design thinking and driving product innovation across industries. It highlights how AI tools are not just automating tasks but actively enhancing creativity, empathy, and decision-making in the design process. Key Points: 1. AI as a Creative Collaborator AI is increasingly used to generate…

📝 Introduction Supply chain management is a critical function in any organization, ensuring that goods and services are delivered efficiently and effectively. Hugo’s model outlines five key areas of the supply chain that organizations must manage to achieve operational success. Understanding these areas helps professionals align supply chain strategies with organizational goals. 📌 Hugo’s Five…

📝 Introduction IDS 105 (Interdisciplinary Studies) encourages students to explore identity, culture, and personal development through academic reflection and interdisciplinary analysis. Project Part One typically involves examining how personal experiences, cultural influences, and academic concepts shape individual identity. This assignment helps students connect their life experiences to broader social and academic themes. 📌 Purpose of…