S – Subjective Chief Complaint (CC): “I feel like I’m either on top of the world or completely unable to get out of bed.” History of Present Illness (HPI): Patient reports alternating episodes of elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, and impulsive spending lasting about 1–2 weeks, followed by periods of profound sadness,…

1. Introduction Florence Nightingale (1820–1910), known as the founder of modern nursing, developed the Environmental Theory in the mid-19th century. Her experiences during the Crimean War revealed that patient outcomes were heavily influenced by environmental conditions such as sanitation, ventilation, and nutrition. Nightingale’s theory emphasized that manipulating the environment could promote healing and prevent disease.…

1. Introduction Foundations of Nursing Skills is a core course in nursing education that equips students with essential knowledge, attitudes, and technical skills required for safe, effective, and compassionate patient care. It emphasizes the integration of theory and practice, preparing students to function as competent members of the healthcare team. The course covers fundamental concepts…

1. Introduction Implicit bias refers to unconscious attitudes, stereotypes, or beliefs that influence behavior and decision-making without deliberate awareness. In nursing practice, implicit bias can affect patient care, communication, and health outcomes. Because nurses are frontline providers, recognizing and addressing implicit bias is essential to ensure equitable, safe, and culturally competent care. 2. Defining Implicit…

🔍 Overview Module 2 of NUR 602 focuses on the evolution of nursing theories, particularly grand theories and middle-range theories, and their application in advanced nursing practice. Understanding these theories is essential for developing a theoretical foundation for evidence-based practice, guiding clinical decision-making, and advancing nursing knowledge. 🧩 1. What Are Nursing Theories? Nursing theories…

🔍 Overview The Mental Status Examination (MSE) is a structured assessment of a patient’s behavioral and cognitive functioning. It is a critical component of psychiatric evaluation and is used by Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) to assess, diagnose, and monitor mental health conditions. The MSE provides a snapshot of a patient’s psychological functioning at a specific…

I. Introduction A decision tree is a structured clinical tool that guides healthcare providers through diagnostic and treatment pathways based on patient symptoms and findings. In the context of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders, decision trees help differentiate between overlapping symptoms, identify red flags, and select appropriate interventions. These disorders often present with pain, weakness, numbness,…

Walden University’s Career Planning and Development site provides comprehensive guidance for students preparing to enter or advance in the workforce. The Career Planner Guide outlines essential professional documents and strategies that reflect your qualifications, values, and career goals. These include a cover letter, resume, professional philosophy statement, and other resources such as reference lists, thank-you…

🔍 Overview The National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) developed a set of core competencies to guide nurse practitioner (NP) education and practice. These competencies ensure that NPs are prepared to deliver high-quality, evidence-based, and patient-centered care across diverse settings. The latest revision aligns with the 2021 AACN Essentials and reflects the evolving demands…

Instructions: Choose the best answer. Correct answers are marked with an asterisk (*) for your reference. What is the primary purpose of the ANA Code of Ethics? a) Increase hospital profits b) Guide nurses in ethical decision-making c) Replace clinical guidelines d) Promote medical billing How many provisions are in the ANA Code of Ethics?…